Parts of Speech. ELA. 12 Week Practice, Review and Assessment.
PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Nouns
Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas. They are one of the most important parts of speech in English and are used in nearly every sentence. In this section, we will explore the different types of nouns and their functions.
Common Nouns: General names for people, places, or things. Not capitalized unless at the start of a sentence.
Examples: “book,” “city,” “teacher.”
Proper Nouns: Specific names for people, places, or things. Always capitalized.
Examples: “Harry Potter,” “New York City,” “Ms. Johnson.”
Abstract Nouns: Names for ideas, concepts, or emotions that are intangible.
Examples: “love,” “happiness,” “freedom.”
Collective Nouns: Names for groups of people or things; can be singular or plural.
Examples: “team,” “family,” “herd.”
2. Pronouns
Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence. They help avoid repetition and make sentences clearer. Here are different types of pronouns in English:
Personal Pronouns: Refer to specific people or things and can be subjects or objects.
Examples: I/me, you/your/yours, he/him/his, she/her/hers, it/its.
Demonstrative Pronouns: Point to specific people or things and indicate distance.
Examples: this (near), that (far), these (plural, near), those (plural, far).
Interrogative Pronouns: Used to ask questions.
Examples: who (person), whom (person, object), whose (possession).
Indefinite Pronouns: Refer to non-specific people or things.
Examples: anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything.
3. Verbs
Verbs describe an action, state, or occurrence. There are three types of verbs: action verbs, linking verbs, and helping verbs.
Action Verbs: Describe actions performed by the subject.
Examples: Run, Jump, Sing, Dance, Write.
Linking Verbs: Connect the subject to a noun, pronoun, or adjective that describes it; they do not show action.
Examples: Is, Are, Was, Were, Seem.
Helping Verbs: Work with the main verb to express tense, voice, or mood; they have no meaning on their own.
Examples: Am, Is, Are, Was, Were.
4. Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns, giving more information about their qualities, quantity, or identity. Here are three types of adjectives:
Descriptive Adjectives: Describe the characteristics or qualities of a noun or pronoun.
Examples: Beautiful, Tall, Thin, Ugly, Smart, Kind.
Sentence Example: “The red car is fast.” (“red” describes the color; “fast” describes the speed).
Quantitative Adjectives: Indicate the quantity or amount of a noun or pronoun, answering “how much” or “how many.”
Examples: Few, Many, Several, Some, All, No.
Sentence Example: “I have two apples.” (“two” describes the number of apples).
Demonstrative Adjectives: Point to specific nouns or pronouns, answering “which one” or “whose.”
Examples: This, That, These, Those.
Sentence Example: “This book is mine.” (“this” specifies the book).
5. Adverbs
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, providing more detail about an action, adverbs of manner, adverbs of place, adverbs of time, adverbs of frequency, adverbs of degree, or intensity.Examples of adverbs:
I left my keys here. (Adverb of place)
She arrived late because she missed the bus. (Adverb of time)
James visits his grandmother weekly. (Adverb of frequency)
Please drive carefully on the wet roads. (Adverb of manner)
She was extremely tired after the long journey. (Adverb of degree)
6. Prepositions
Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence, indicating position, direction, or time.
Prepositions of Time: Indicate when an action takes place.
Examples:
“At” for specific times: “at 2 pm,” “at midnight.”
“In” for longer periods: “in the morning,” “in October.”
“On” for dates: “on Monday,” “on July 4th.”
Prepositions of Place: Indicate where something is located.
Examples:
“In” for enclosed spaces: “in the house,” “in the car.”
“On” for surfaces: “on the table,” “on the floor.”
“At” for specific locations: “at the park,” “at the beach.”
Prepositions of Direction: Indicate movement from one place to another.
Examples:
7. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence, helping to create complex sentences and showing relationships between ideas. There are three main types of conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating, and correlative.
Coordinating Conjunctions: Connect words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal importance. Remember them using FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
Examples:
“I like pizza and pasta.”
“He wanted to go to the beach, but it was raining.”
Subordinating Conjunctions: Connect dependent clauses to independent clauses, showing relationships like cause and effect, time, condition, or contrast.
Examples: because, although, while, if, unless, since.
“Because it was raining, we stayed inside.”
“While I was studying, my roommate was watching TV.”
Correlative Conjunctions: Work in pairs to connect elements in a sentence, showing a relationship between them.
Examples: both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also.8. Interjections
In English grammar, interjections are words or phrases that express strong emotions or feelings. They are also known as exclamations and are one of the eight parts of speech in English. Interjections are grammatically independent from the words around them, and they can often be removed from a sentence or context without affecting its basic meaning.
Interjections can be used to express a wide range of emotions, including surprise, joy, anger, frustration, and pain. Some common examples of interjections include “wow,” “ouch,” “yay,” “oh no,” and “oops.” They can be used to add emphasis to a sentence or to convey a particular tone or mood.
9. Articles/Determiners
In English grammar, articles and determiners are words that are used with nouns to provide more information about them. They help us to understand the context and meaning of a sentence.
Articles
There are three articles in the English language: “the,” “a,” and “an.” “The” is known as the definite article because it refers to a specific noun that has already been mentioned or is known to the reader. For example, “The cat is sleeping on the sofa.” In this sentence, “the” refers to a specific cat that has already been mentioned or is known to the reader.
“A” and “an” are known as indefinite articles because they refer to any member of a group or class of nouns. “A” is used before words that begin with a consonant sound, while “an” is used before words that begin with a vowel sound. For example, “I need a pen” and “She ate an apple.”Determiners
Determiners are words that come before a noun to provide more information about it. They can include articles, as well as words like “this,” “that,” “these,” and “those.” In addition to these, there are other types of determiners such as possessive determiners (e.g. “my,” “your,” “his,” “her,” “its,” “our,” and “their”), demonstrative determiners (e.g. “this,” “that,” “these,” and “those”), and quantifying determiners (e.g. “some,” “any,” “many,” “few,” “several,” etc.).
Determiners can also be used with adjectives to provide more information about a noun. For example, “She ate the delicious apple” and “I saw that beautiful sunset.”
Examples of Parts of Speech
Noun – The dog barked loudly.
Pronoun – They went to the park together.
Verb – She writes beautiful poetry.
Adverb – He runs very quickly.
Adjective – The red car is fast.
Preposition – The cat is sitting on the sofa.
Conjunction – She wanted to go for a walk, and he wanted to stay home.
Interjection – Wow! That was an incredible performance.
8th Grade ELA Grammar Curriculum (12 Weeks)
Week 1: Introduction to Parts of Speech
Overview of all 8 parts of speech.
Diagnostic quiz to assess prior knowledge.
Unit 1: Nouns (Weeks 2–3)
Week 2: Types of Nouns
Lesson: Common vs. Proper Nouns
Lesson: Abstract vs. Concrete Nouns
Lesson: Collective Nouns
Practice Sentences:
The dog barked at the mailman.
New York City is my favorite place to visit.
Love is stronger than hate.
The family gathered for dinner.
Answers:
Common nouns: dog, mailman
Proper noun: New York City
Abstract nouns: love, hate
Collective noun: family
Week 3: Functions of Nouns
Lesson: Subject, Object, Object of Preposition, Appositive
Practice Sentences:
Jenny threw the ball to Sam.
The teacher, Mr. Lee, gave us homework.
She ran through the forest.
Answers:
Subject: Jenny; Direct object: ball; Indirect object: Sam
Subject: teacher; Appositive: Mr. Lee
Object of preposition: forest
Unit 2: Pronouns (Week 4)
Lesson: Personal, Demonstrative, Interrogative, Indefinite
Practice Sentences:
He is my brother.
This is delicious.
Who is coming to the party?
Everyone is invited.
Answers:
Personal pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Unit 3: Verbs (Week 5)
Lesson: Action, Linking, Helping Verbs
Practice Sentences:
She dances beautifully.
He is a doctor.
They are going to the mall.
Answers:
Action verb: dances
Linking verb: is
Helping verb: are; Main verb: going
Unit 4: Adjectives (Week 6)
Lesson: Descriptive, Quantitative, Demonstrative
Practice Sentences:
The blue sky is clear.
I have three pencils.
That house is haunted.
Answers:
Descriptive: blue
Quantitative: three
Demonstrative: that
Unit 5: Adverbs (Week 7)
Lesson: Manner, Time, Place, Frequency, Degree
Practice Sentences:
He ran quickly to the bus. (Manner)
She arrived late. (Time)
I looked everywhere for my book. (Place)
We always eat breakfast. (Frequency)
He is very tired. (Degree)
Unit 6: Prepositions (Week 8)
Lesson: Prepositions of Time, Place, Direction
Practice Sentences:
The party is at 6 p.m.
The cat is on the roof.
She walked to the store.
Answers:
Time: at
Place: on
Direction: to
Unit 7: Conjunctions (Week 9)
Lesson: Coordinating, Subordinating, Correlative
Practice Sentences:
I wanted pizza, but she wanted pasta.
Although it rained, we went outside.
Either you start studying, or you will fail.
Answers:
Coordinating: but
Subordinating: although
Correlative: either...or
Unit 8: Interjections (Week 10)
Lesson: Using Interjections in Context
Practice Sentences:
Wow! That’s amazing!
Oops! I dropped the glass.
Oh no! We’re late!
Answers:
Interjection: Wow!
Interjection: Oops!
Interjection: Oh no!
Unit 9: Articles/Determiners (Week 11)
Lesson: Definite & Indefinite Articles, Possessive & Demonstrative Determiners
Practice Sentences:
I saw a cat.
The moon is bright tonight.
My brother is funny.
Those shoes are expensive.
Answers:
Indefinite article: a
Definite article: the
Possessive determiner: my
Demonstrative determiner: those
Week 12: Review and Assessment
Comprehensive review worksheets
Group games and activities (e.g., Parts of Speech Bingo, Grammar Jeopardy)
Final Quiz covering all 9 parts of speech
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